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Lung cancer (primary lung cancer), or frequently if somewhat incorrectly known as bronchogenic carcinoma, is an expansive term alluding to the fundamental histological subtypes of primary lung malignancies that are mainly linked with breathed in cancer-causing agents, with tobacco smoke being a key culprit.

Epidemiology

Lung cancer is a leading type of cancer, equivalent in predominance to breast cancer. It is the main source of cancer mortality around the world; representing 20% of cancer deaths [1].

Clinical presentation

Patients with lung cancer may be asymptomatic in up to 50% of cases. Hack and dyspnea are fairly vague side effects that are normal among those with lung cancer.

Central tumors may result in hemoptysis and peripheral lesions with pleuritic chest pain.

Pneumonia, pleural effusion, wheeze and lymphadenopathy are not uncommon. Different side effects may be secondary to metastases (bone, contralateral lung, brain, adrenal glands, and liver, in recurrence request for NSCLC 12) or paraneoplastic conditions (Figure 1).

Figure 1: Chest X-ray of Lung cancer.

Treatment and Prognosis

Treatment and prognosis differ with stage as well as with cell type. As a general rule, medical procedure, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are presented by the stage, resectability, operability, and functional status. Designated medicines rely upon molecular testing, e.g. ALK mutated lung cancers can be treated with ALK-inhibitors (e.g. crizotinib) [2].

1. Rosado-de-Christenson ML, Templeton PA, Moran CA (1994) . Radiographics 14: 429-446.

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2. Le T, Gerber DE (2017) . Semin Cancer Biol 42: 81-88.

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