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Abstract

DNA fingerprinting has revolutionized forensic science, offering unprecedented precision in the identification of individuals through their unique genetic markers. Advancements in DNA fingerprinting techniques have significantly improved the accuracy and efficiency of genetic identification, enabling applications across forensic investigations, medical diagnostics, and biodiversity conservation. Techniques such as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Short Tandem Repeat (STR) analysis, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) have enhanced the resolution of genetic profiling, enabling the identification of even minute samples with high reliability. This paper explores the development of DNA fingerprinting technologies, their diverse applications in forensic investigations, and the legal and ethical implications associated with their use. As forensic DNA profiling continues to evolve, it is critical to address concerns regarding privacy, data security, and the potential for wrongful convictions. The study concludes by emphasizing the ongoing need for continuous improvement in DNA fingerprinting methods to meet emerging challenges.