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Abstract

Chromatography is a powerful analytical technique widely used in environmental monitoring to detect, identify, and quantify pollutants and toxic compounds in various environmental matrices, including air, water, soil, and sediments. This article explores the application of chromatography in environmental monitoring, emphasizing its role in analyzing hazardous substances such as heavy metals, pesticides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The discussion highlights the types of chromatography commonly employed in environmental studies, including gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Advances in chromatographic technologies, such as hyphenated techniques, are also examined for their ability to offer enhanced sensitivity, accuracy, and efficiency in environmental analysis. The article concludes with a discussion on the challenges and future directions for chromatography in environmental monitoring.