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Abstract

Drug toxicity is a critical concern in pharmacology, referring to the harmful effects that drugs can have on the body. It occurs when drugs, or their metabolites, damage cells, tissues, or organs, leading to adverse reactions. Drug toxicity can manifest in various forms, including acute, chronic, and dose-dependent toxicity. The mechanisms underlying drug-induced toxicity involve metabolic activation, interaction with cellular macromolecules, and disruption of normal physiological processes. This article explores the mechanisms of drug toxicity, the factors influencing drug-induced harm, the clinical consequences of drug toxicity, and strategies for prevention and management. Understanding these processes is crucial for developing safer therapeutic agents and minimizing the risks associated with drug therapy.