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Abstract

Focal therapy for prostate cancer has emerged as a promising approach to treating localized disease while minimizing adverse effects associated with radical treatments. This technique targets cancerous lesions with precision, preserving surrounding healthy tissue and reducing the risk of urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction. Various modalities, including high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), cryotherapy, and photodynamic therapy, have been explored for their effectiveness and safety. Although focal therapy offers a balance between oncological control and quality of life, challenges such as patient selection, long-term efficacy, and standardized treatment protocols remain. This review examines the current landscape of focal therapy, comparing different techniques, assessing clinical outcomes, and discussing future directions for optimizing prostate cancer management.