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Abstract

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) are complex mental illnesses influenced by both genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Genetic studies have identified multiple susceptibility genes, while environmental triggers such as prenatal stress, drug abuse, and early-life trauma contribute to disease onset. Understanding the interplay between genetics and environmental factors can lead to improved risk assessment, early intervention, and personalized treatment strategies. This article explores the genetic underpinnings of schizophrenia, the role of environmental risk factors, and the implications for future research and clinical practice.