51黑料吃瓜网

Abstract

Neuropharmacology and neuro-toxicology are critical fields of research aimed at understanding the effects of various substances, including pharmaceutical drugs and environmental toxins, on the nervous system. Both areas investigate how drugs interact with the central and peripheral nervous systems, altering their normal function. Neuropharmacology focuses on the beneficial effects of drugs in treating neurological and psychiatric disorders, while neuro-toxicology explores the harmful impacts of drugs and toxins, including those associated with drug abuse and environmental exposure. This article reviews the mechanisms by which drugs affect the nervous system, distinguishing between therapeutic effects and adverse outcomes, such as neurotoxicity. The research highlights how neuropharmacological treatments can address disorders like Parkinson’s disease, depression, and epilepsy, while neuro-toxicology examines the damaging effects of substances like alcohol, certain medications, and recreational drugs. The paper also discusses modern methodologies used to study drug interactions with the nervous system and explores future directions for improving drug safety and efficacy.